Apparatus for sewage disposal.



7 B. J. ASHLEY.

APPARATUS FOR SEWAGE DISPOSAL.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 19,;1907.

2 snare-411mm 1.

Patented May 3 INVEN TUR.

A TTURNEYS.

I n gsss-ss.

. Disposal, of which the BURTON J. ASHLEY, OF CHICAGO. ILLINOIS.

APPARATUS FORJSEWAGE DISPOSAL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 3. 1910.

Application filed September 19, 190?. Serial No. 393,616.

To ZZ whom it may concern:

lie it known that l, BITRTUN J. ASHLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county at Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Ap aratus for Sewa e following is a tn 1, clear, and exact specification.

This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for sewage disposal, more particularly of that class of sewage apparatus shown illlddLSL'l'lbCd in Letters Patent of the United States No. 848,279, issued to me March E20, 1907.

The primary object is to provide an improved form of apparatus for receiving and disposing of sewage, being more particularly adapted for use in connection'with private residences, farm houses and country estates, public or private institutions, factories or the like, which are remote from mus nicipal sewage systems. having no natural outlet or other means for disposing of sewage wastes.

A further object-is to provide an improved means for sewage disposal that is simple and cheap in construction, employing common materials in connection with the natural surroundings, earth and air, and at the same time being continuous and ellicient in its operation, so that when the apparatus is installed, little or uoattention is required to keep it in operative condition.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved means for aerating filter beds of the general character shown and described in Patent No. 848,2"9. to which reference has already been made.

A further object. of the invention is to provide an improved arrangen'ient of the aerat-' mg and tlmd conduits 2:1 sewage apparatus of the descrilx-d character.

To the attainment of these ends and the accomplishment of other new and useful obof sewage apparatus embodying the inven-.'

tion, the apparatus proper being shown in side elevation, the surrounding earth being in section, as is also a ortion of a residence or other building to w rich the apparatus is shown applied. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the filter bed or nitrification apparatus, Fig. 3 being a plan view of the same with portions of the earth and surrounding material broken away to disclose the construction of the same. Fig. 4 is aplan view of the invention showing a modified arrangement of the filtering and nitrification apparatus. Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view on broken line 5-5 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail plan view of the deflection gates appearing in the modification as illustrated in Fig. 4.. Fig. 7 is a sectional view on line 77, Fig. 6. Fig.

' Fig. 2) is an enlarged detail view of the top of one of the deflection gates or cut-offs.

A cess pool or tank 10 of any suitable consewage wastes, is provided. In the con- 'srruction of this tank it is preferred that it be made water tight. by the application of cement or other material impervious to water and at the same time not easily affected by the action of the materials to be contained th rein. It is preferred that this tank be located entirely underneath the ground. Reaching from the top ofthe tank to the surface of the earth is a. suitable manhole 10. Sewage wastes are conducted to the wall of which is indicated at 11, through sewer pipe 12, which terminates in the upwardly extending soil pipe 12 of the usual construction. Into the soil pipe 12 sewage wastes are fed through branch pipes 13 from .the usual sources of supply as the bath, indicated by the numeral 14. The pipe-1'2 preferably enters the tank 10 adjacent to the upper portion thereof through a side wall as at 12* which pipe terminates on the interior of the tank in the downwardly extending portion 12.

10 indicates the usual bafile wall within the tank, which is preferably tween the inlet and outlet openings. The outletpipe 15 entering at 15 also tenninates on the interiorof the tank in the downwardly extending portion 15 which permits the outgoing fluid to be taken from a point on the interior of the tank somewhat below the normal level of the fluid in the manner and for the purposes described in 8 is a sectional view on line 8-8 of Fig. 6.

struction as a temporary receptacle for the tank from any source, as the residence,

placed bebeen made. The material in )i we 15 like i i 12 it; prelerably of the I that co1npo.-'in pipe usual torm ol' metallie oi erra cotta sewer pipe adapted to have the oints within securely closed. The pipe 15 cu leaving tank 1O enters an underground bed of littering and purifying inaterlai 16 which is also buried beneath the surface of the soil and I consisting preferably of clinker-s or cindets,

although if such material is not availabte coke, crushed stone and burntclay, as;

broken brick and tile, may be used for this purpose, as may also sand and gravel, all

of which, however, are not. found as -'Elllt'h-3ht'. 1 as clmlt'et's and coke. Pipe 15 on. entering the liltcr lied l piet'erahly terminates in a conduit termed of ordinary farm tile, usually of about the same diameter as the pipe l5 and bem; opened to some extent at their that it is designed that the fluid or etilnent from the tank will be distributed throughout. the length of the bed by escaping through the openings in the conduit.

In Patent No. 515,279 before referred to. means for aerating thc filtering material and the nitrification ducts is shown by extending branches from the conduit leading directly from the tank to the surface of the earth above; that construction, however, is not found to be as etlicient. as the construction shown herein lll'WlliCll this conduit l-ading directly from the tank into the bed of filtering material is closed with respect to the atmosphere above.

In the embodiment of the invention as shown in Fig. 1, an aerating duct 18 comosed also of farm tiles approximately parallels the conduit 15 within the liltcr bed and in this case situated somewhat. below it, and having tlloend thereof adjacentto the .tank closed as well as the outer end, but be ing n'ovided with one or more upwardly e.\' ten ing branches 15' which communicate with the atmosphere at/the surface of the soil and may have their ends closed with wire screens or in any other suitable manner in order to prevent; the entrance of vermin and the like into the apparatus. It will be noted that the. upwardly extending air duct 18- is located adjacent to the out r extremity of the a r duct 18. This is the preferable construe ion for the reason that. it insures aeomplete aerilication of the entire System, as with he construction herein provided the circulation of the. air enters the apparatus as indicated by the arrow at the top of the passage 18", thence passes into the air du t or tube 18 and thence through the liltering; material in the bed i into the conduit 15. By atl'ordii'ig this system of air circulation it will be seen that not only the conduit l5 but the surromuling material within the. bed and particularly that por- [ion of the material between the passage. 15 and the conduit 15 wiil he thotoughlyacrated. lt found that with the construction h rein shown there no dilliculty in secur in: a thorough circulation through the apparatus in the manner described and this is particularly true if it is possible to make the c nnection with the apparatus as herein shown with the soil pipe. it is apparent that the circulation of the air will be upwardly through the soil pipe and that when th onduit 1:! is not tilled with liquid or sewage wastes. which occurs only rately if at all. the air will circulate through the ap paratus including the tank in the direction indicated throughout the apparatus by the arrows. With the construction illustrated it will be apparent that the manhole 10 of the tank should be closed and the upper extremities of he pipes 12" and 15" on the interior of the tank should be open in ord r ti permit the air connnrnication between the conduit 15 and the sewer pipe 12.

In the construction of apparatus of the described character itwill be found the. better the provision made for securing the circulation of air in the reverse direction from which the lluid is conveyed the better will be the results attained with respect to the work accomplished in the nitrification ducts and apparatus. When it is impossible to make use of the connection herein shown with the soil pipe to expedite the circulation it will be apparentthat a similar connection may be made by a branch pipe from the c nduit 15 or the sewer pipe 1:! extending to a chimney. When the character or contour of the soil will permit, provision may be made for conducting the purilied ellluent from the nitrification bed and ducts in the manner illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 in which the c.\'tension 16 is shown preferably being of less depth than the. bed 16, but, gradually widening out as it decreases in thickness in the manner illustrated in Fit. 3.

The modification of the invention as shown in Figs. 4. and 5 is particularly adapt.- ed in the iustallation'of systems of the described character where the amount of sewage to be taken care of is largely in excess of the capacity of the soil to absorb the same or of that usually generated in an ordinary private dwelling. In this modification the conduit represented by the numeral 19'tcrinmates in an irregular formation consisting of a plurality of laps indicated by the character 19. This construction it will be seen, permits of a thorough distribution of the eflluent from the. tank throughout the. filter bed the confines of winch are illustrated by the boundary lines 30.

In the use g of a large system of this clutrartcr. it i dc- Q sirable that means: he provided for dividing' the system into sections so that ii de irable an entire section oi the same may be thrown j out of use for a given period and allowed to res while the work of purifying the etlluent is being done by another portion or section of the apparatu and means for at i eomplishing this purpose is shown in this modification which shows the conduit l' branched at 21 and in addition to the branch 19 an extension 1%)" is provided which connects with the lapped or folded branches 19 at from which point the branches 19 and 1!) are merged in the single conduit 19 which terminates at 15)" where it may discharge. the purified etiluent in any desired manner as into a stream of that when one of the gates is closed the other is allowed to remain open. By this construction it will be seen that if the gate 24 in the conduit 19* is-closcd the ctllucnt from conduit 19 will be "arried past the gate 23 into the laps 19" of the conduit auzl nuty thus traverse the entire length of the pipes 19* and t9. itbeing understood. of course that all of these. conduitsare dej'iressed as they extend outwardly from the tank in order that the passage of the fluid therethrough will be caus d by the fall and the consequent action of gravity. it is found that in the use of a large system of this character there is at tendency for that portion of the conduit next the tank to be called upon to do a greater portion of the work in purifying the effluent than portions further removed. it". therefore. in the use of a system of this character it be found that the sections 19* of the. conduit should become clogged or (l\'ll-\\'Ul'l(((l they may be given a period of rest by closin; the 'alve orgate at 23 and at the Same time opening the valve or gate at 24 thus allowing the diluent to flow immet'liatoly along conduit 19 and enter 19" at 22 without traversing that section of the, conduit between 23 and 22.

A broken seeti-mof a branch 19' in the conduit 19 is illwstrated, in Fig. 4 and it will bi apparent that a branch of this cha 'acter may be utilized if desired to form a connection with another filter bed of a construcion imilar to that ju t described. When two b d of thi character ar used in. the u e of suitable \aljcs or gates 2 i which may be operated fr m tht surface il the earth. the ciih'cnl may be discharged llll'l one or both or the y tems at \lllalthough it is preferred that v lu-n one of the beds is in we the other should be allowed to remain inactive in order to allow it to recover and become more thoroughly aerated. in this modification a somewhat ditl'erent ar rangement ot' the air supply pipes is provided a will be een. con i ting of the main duct 13H into which i tapped the branch id and the looped branch 3U". The main air duct 234) i provided with the usual upwardl extending branches 230' leading to the-surt'acc of the soil. lt will be apparent that this system of air ducts is adapted to parallel the conduit ran hes in order to aerate the. apparatu in the same manner as d'e scribed in connection with the orm of the invention shown in fig. 1. lt will also be apparent that tlu-r nection between the air ducts just described amt the conduits for the ellluent. thus making it necessar y for the circulation of airns' it pas es from the etiluent ducts toward the tunic to be drawn through the material in the tiller bed. In a manner similar to the apparatus shown in Fig. l in which circulation ol air secured by the use of the soil pipe of the residence. It will also be apparent that the conduit pipe I!) in the modilications described in Figs. i and 5 may be tapped at any point between the lilter bed and the tanl; or bey nd the tank bypipe leading to suitable means as the t)ll pipe rlllHYll in Fig. I. or a chimney or other artificial means of producing the dcsire lait' circulation.

is no immediate con-.

The preferred construction of the valves or gates for deflecting the eillucnt into cit her one or more tilter beds at will which has been referred to as indicated by the numerals 25. 2G. ot' l-ig. 1 will now be more fully described. The construction of these \ztlVe-a or gates-is shown in detail in Figs. 7 to S) inclusive, in which it indicates a T join. or evnar pipe having the upwardly extending member 11 reaching to the u face of the ground. The valve or gate is formed by shaping a member 30. piel'crably of wood. in the manner indicated in l ig. 7, its width being approximat ly the interior diameter of the upvvat'dlv extending branch of the pipe. and its lower cnd being fashioned to tit tin-contour of the pipe it)" at: the bottom. It will be seen that when this member is dropped into position as indicated in Figs. 7 and R. the pas age of tluid through the condu t wi l be checked or stopped. At the upper end of the valve or gate member lit) a lid is formed adapted to form a closure for the upper exposed end of the pipe 19. This 4: lid or closure is constructed by securing to one side of the. member 30 a member 30 adapted to lit approximately one-half the upper circumt'ta'encc of the pipe. while the other half is formed of a suitable screen 230". Where the conduits are branched, as indirated in Fig. 6, it is preferred that the valves or gates controlling each branch, as 25, 26, be located adjacent the point of branching. in order that they may be near together. which is a convenience in manipulating them for purpose of deflecting the etllucntalternately from one branch to the other. it is preferred that only one gate constructed as the member 30 be employed to serve at each branch. for when one of the branches is closed. itwill be apparent that the (dl'itldHUllt'll should be open. The exposed end .if the pipe leading to the surface of the ground from the open conduit may he closed with any simple forzu of lid adapted to form a complete closure not admitting a passage of air. It will be apparent that the peculiar construction described at the upper end of the gate 30 is adapted to permit the passage of air on one side of the gate, and to serve as a complete closure on the other side. 'hen the conduit leading to a filter bed is closed, and hence the filter bed is resting, it is desirable that there be as free circulation of air as possible through the bed, which is accomplished by turning the gate 30 so that the screen closure incinher 30" is on the side adjacent, the bed. The tight closure member 30 will then be on the other side, thus causing a draft from the tank soil pipe, chimney or other means for securing a draft to be etl'ective in the filter bed which is active or receiving effluent.

What I claim as new is:-

1. The combination in an apparatus for thc purification of sewage, of a perforated pipe or passage buried below the surface of the soil, a body of filtering material in contact with said perforated pipe or passage, the said p.:rforated pipe or oassage communicating with the source 0 sewage, but closed to the inlet; of air except through the filtering material, an air passage communicating with said filtering material and means for exhausting the air from the filter bed.

2. The combination in an apparatus for the purification of sewage, of a receiving tank and aerating and purifying means adapted to receive the overflow from said tank, said means comprising a perforated pipe or passage buried below the surface of the soil, :1 bed of rilterin material in contact with said perforated pipe or pas age, the said perforated pipe or passage communicating with the source of sewage, but closed to the inlet of air except through the filtering material, an air passage communicating with said filtering material and means for exhausting the air from the filter bed.

8. The combinationin an apparatus for the purification of sewage, of a receiving tank and aerating and purifying means adapted to receive the overflow from said tank, said means comprising a perforated pipe or passage extending beneath the surface of the earth embedded in a bed of filtering material having dii'QcL Contact with the surroumling soil, an air 'assage and means for exhausting the air rom the filter bed communicating with said filtering material but not in direct communication with said perforated pipe. or passage.

4. The combination in an apparatus for the purification of sewage, of a perforated pipe or passage buried below the surface of the soil and embedded in a bed of filtering material. the said perforated pipe or passage communicating with the source of sewage, but closed to the inlet of air except through the littering material, an air passage leadin rom the surface of the earth to the bed 0 filtering material whereby the air before entering the said perforated pipe or passage traverses the said air passage and the filtering material and means for exhausting the air from-the filter bed. 7

The combination in an a paratus for the urification of sewage, o a receiving tank and aerating and purifying means comprising a perforated pipe or passage leading from said tank and traversing an underground bed of filtering material, said pipe or passage communicating with the source of sewage, but closed to the inlet of air except, through the said filtering material, and a erforated air passage traversing said filtering material adjacent the pipe or passage leading from the tank, means for supplyin air to the said perforated air passage an means for exhausting the air from the said perforated pipe or passage leading from the 'tank whereby a current of air 1s induced through the said apparattis traversing successively the perforated alr assage, the filtering material, and the per orated pipe or passa e leading from the tank.

G. n an apparatus for the purification of sewage the combination of a receivinr tank and aerating and purifying means adapted means comprising a lpe or passa a provided with perforated walls extend l ng beneath the surface of the soil and surrounded by a bed of filtering and purifying material, there being no means for supplying air to the said pipe or passage except through the medium of the filtering and purifying ma.- tcrial, an air passage leadin from thesurface of the soil to the sai filterin and urifying material and means for ex austmg the air from the filter bed.

7. In an apparatus for the purification of to receive the overflow from said tank, said i sewage, the combination with a receiving tank and an underground bed of filtering or purifving material, of a pipe or passage leading from the said tank and traversiiig the said filtering and purifying material and comnnmicatiug with the source of sewage, but closed to the inlet of air except through the said filtering and purifving material. an air passage communirauing wall the atmosphere at the surface of the soil and traversing said filtering and purifying material adjacent. the said passage leading from the tank whereby communication between the said passages is afforded only through the filtering and purifying material and means for exhausting the air from th filter bed. i

8. In an apparatus for the purification of sewage. the combination with an underground bed of filtering material in dire t. contact with the surroumling soil, of a fluid conduit traversing the said filtering material and provided with perforations coulmunicating with he source of sewage. but closed to the inlet of air except through the said filtering material. a perforated air pas sage traversing the said filtering mater al adjacent the said lluid conduit but spaced therefrom, and means for supplying air to the said perforated air passage.

5). In an apparatus for the purification of sewage the combination with an underground bed of filtering material in direct contact with the surrounding soil, of a fluid conduit traversing the said filtering material.

being arran ed therein in a series of folded or lapped spaced Sections. and means whereby fluid entering the said conduit may be required to traverse the. entire length thereof or may be deflected into a designatedsection thereof.

10. In an apparatus for the purification of sewage. the combination with a receiving.

tank of an underground bed of filtering material in direct 'eontact with the surrounding soil. of a conduit leading from the said tank and traversing the filtering material, the said conduit being perforated within the bed of filtering material and traversing the same in a series of spaced lips or folds. and means whereby the said can duit may be closed to exclude the entrance of fluids into a designated )ortion llH'X't-uf while at the same time the ischarge is deflec.ted.into the-remainder of the spaced laps or folds.

11. In an apparatus for the purification of sewage, the combination with an und rground bed of filtering material in 'dircwt contact with the surrounding soil, of a lluid conduit traversing the said filtering material. an air passage traversing the filtering material adjacent the fluid conduit but spaced therefrom, means for supplying air to the said air passage, and means for exhausting the air from the said fluid conduit whereby a current of air is induced through the an paratns traversing successively the air HIS- sage. the filtering material and the laid conduit.

12. In an apparatus for the purification of sewage the combination with a conduit for feeding a plurality of filter beds. branches leading from the said conduit. cutaitl' pipes tapped into the said branches adjacent their point of c-mnection with the conduit and a gate or valve adapted for insertion in the said cut-otl' pipes and having one end fashioned to form a closure in the branch pipe, there b ing a closure member secured t the other end of the gate. adapted to close the outer end of the cut-oil pipes.

33. In an apparatus for the purification of sewage the combination with an underground conduit, of a. cutoff pipe leading from the said conduit to the surface, the

dianu-ter of said cut-off )l beim an roximatelv the same as the I iameter of the conduit, a gate being in width approximately the diameter of the said conduio and cut-oft pipe and in length adapted to extend from the surface to the bottom of the conduit. and closure members secured to the upper end of the gate comprising a member on one side of the gate adapted to close the cut-off pipe, and a screen on the. other side of the gate adapted to permit the circulation of air through the cut-off pipe and conduit onthe adjacent, side of the gate.

14. In an apparatus for the purification of sewage. the combination with an underground conduit, of a cut-off pipe leading from said conduit. to the surface, the diameterof said cut-otl' pipe being approximately the same as the diameter of the conduit. a gate adapted to extend from the surface to the bottom of the conduit, the said gate being in width approximately the diameter of the said conduit and cut-ofi" pipe. a closuremember secured to theupper cud of the gate whereby the cut-otl' pipe on one side of the gate is closed, and a screen adapted to permit the irculation of air through the unrestricted portion of the cut-oil pipe.

-15. In an apparatus for the ptn'ilication of sewage the combination of a perforated pipe or passage buried below the surface of the soil. at body of filtering material in contact with vsaid perforated pipe or passage. the said filtering material having direct contact. with the surroumling soil, means for supplying air to the filtering material and an auxiliary stratum of filtering material extending to the surface of the soil whereby the filtering material may be drained of any superfluous moisture or eflluent.

lo. In an apparatus for the purification of sewage, the combination of a perforated pipe or passage buried below the surface of the soil, :1 body of filtering material in coni i i t'aet with said perfnraterl pipe or pflfiwtgjt. the saitl filtering material hating (hreet eontaet with the surrounding soil. means for supplying air to the filtering material. anrl 5 an auxiliary stratum of filtering; material extending front the main body thereof to a paint adjacent the surface of the soil whereby the. main body of the filtering material may be drained of any superfluous moisture or etlluent. i

17. in an apparatus fur the pnrilieation of sewage. the eombinatinn with a tank. a perforated pipe or pasfrom, a filter bed in contaet with saitl pipe. an auxiliary stratum 0t lilte'ing material leading from the main Emily therefor to a point adjaeent the surface of the still whereby the filter hen may be drained of any snpertlunus moisture or etllnent.

of sewage, the combination with a tank. a h-arlnr; there 3 "t with saul pipe.

perforated pipe or pafsw from. a filter hetl 111 mu and an auxiliary stratum at filtering mate inereasinp in aunt outwardly from the .--:aitl main li d) and (ltt"'l-l.-llt in thiekness in order that the said stratum may retain apprmnniately a eonstant area in cross section. 19. in an apparatus for the puriheatmn of sewage, the rutnhinatian with a conduit for feeding a pluraltt) of filter betls. branches leatltng from Stlltl eunt n' t, (.lll-Ull 3-5 pipes tapped into .saitl lHZlHCllt'S a ljat'ent their paint of emineetinn with the t'un luit. a

gate or valve atlaptetl t'or insertiun in the; hillll eat-ell pipes and having one end t'aslr initial to l'ttt'nt a t'ltmlle ill the sai i l'ftlltll f 40 pipeh. and a tlUhtll't! metal-er $t't'lll'ltl to the uthel' entl'ul' the gate wherel t' the enter enl at the enhotl pipe may he trhisetl ml the i-h's thereof hauling to the emulnit antl at the same time left open for t-irrnlatiun t-- tween the ZELHIUSPlIL'I'U at the Hll'l m't 0tth soil aint the iller betl.

L). In an :tpparatln tor the pttritit-atiun tste' leading there- IS. in an api'ntratus fut the purilit-atiun rial extetalin; from the main hotly thereut' 3 to a point :ttl lzlttltl the snrlaee at the (tll .--ur 'at-e til the tan]. a hull til' llltt'l'l'vtfj mat rial in the .-aitl pi e v;- pai wrge (Benitatntit-at'ing with the -tun-t-tn! =ett'agre. lm elusetl it! the inlet 0'! air ext-ept thrtaigh the, filtering'ntaterial an air parse. e eumntnnieatin; w -h sat tl littering mateital tnr stipiil t'l'tig the an thereto. amt nit-am wln-relrr the air ma be exhan tetl t'rum Filltl filtering material.

2;. -he eumbinatiun in an apparatus f r the pnritie-ttinn at sewage. m a r e iting tank and aerating and purifying me: is atlaptetl to reeeiw; the m'erlluw from said tank. saitl tneam emnprisiug a pert'aratetl I pipe 0! pa. a;ze bnrie l behm' the aurtave of the sail. a bed at littering material in conl tact with saitl perl'urat'etl pipe or pasr age, the aitl perluratwl pipe or passage "amnaniit-ating with the wuree of sewage. but f tltbttl it) the inlet (if air ext'ept through the l littering material. an air pas age etnntnuui- I ('ttlltlfl' with said littering material for supplying air th reto. ainl means hereby the air ma be exhatwtetl from the littering material. p

l t. The tnnthinati-m in an apparrt for the pnritieatinn tit' .-ewa 'e, ot' a r Lving taut: amt aerating artl pnrit'yin means atlapt'etl tn l'efeiH the erertluw twin aaitl face at lhe earth embedded in the bed t littering: mat rial having tlireet contact with the Fllfi'l'ntllltllllfj sail. an air passage communit-atinwth Hitltl filtering materialbnt m t in ll!'t'l etanmttniealinn with said pert'u'atetl pipe nr paw-we. for supplying air the air may he 'XlliltlFittl from the filtering material.

il. in an apparatn fur th puritit-ati n t t-\\.t llnt-taubinatinn ot' a perfnratetl pipe tnar-metbnrietl behiw the surface hi th uil. a limit at littering material in eon-- tart with :iitl pt'rl'tn'attt pipe urpasatge, th -aitl [the-ringmaterial hat in :lireei eontat-t with tha art-mainline soil. tin-11th tur .-lll=pl \'ihair tn he tilterine' material, an :nuiiiary :tratum nt' litteringmaterial extetnlin g i the airfare ot the sail whereby the lillt't lug: matet ial ma) be drained iii" any ttp'-itl=t -tt.-. nmiatnre trt' elllnent. antl means e. h rel y air ma be eXlttHlFtttl from the i littering material.

ln intittunr'. whereof I have i tt al my nana' tn thi apt-eh'itatiun. in the pre nice of law.- .-nb.-t-ril in \i'itneriais. en this ltt 111:0 (if 115 Se t. l). 12:07.

BURTON J. k llltl lf. 

